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Acupuncture and cardiovascular physiopathology PDF Print E-mail
The clinical evidence indicates that acupuncture can have therapeutic effects in some cases of hypertension, coronary cardiac disease, arrhythmias ,angina de pecho and myocardiac stroke.  Several authors have demonstrated that acupuncture diminishes arterial pressure, specially systolic pressure.

For example, PC.6 a traditional acupuncture point located in the anterior face of of the forearm in the route of the medium nerve decreased the ischemic cardiac disfunction by the induction of a reactive depressor and also a pressor reaction related to blood hypotension researched the effects of PC.6 in the cardiovascular function in an open thorax model of normal dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital and fentanilo.

A pressure-volume curve was performed  in the left ventricle like a micromanometric catheter and a volumetric conductance catheter.  Electroacupuncture of PC.6 avoided the medial arterial pressure to decrease the volume at the end of the diastole, the cardiac frequency, the beat volume, the cardiaco gasto and the pressure at the end of the systole related to the procedure.
It has been demonstrated that the stimulation of the acupunctural points can modify the cardiac frecuency (CF)). Just as with arterial pressure, acupuncture can produce variable results on the CF depending on the physiologic condition of the person.  For example, it was found that punctures IG.4 y PC.6 diminished significantly the CF in people with induced fatigue, but the effect was less noticeable in people without fatigue.

These results seem to be consistent with a mechanism that involves a reduction in the sympathetic impulse towards the heart.
Ehrlich et al found that acupuncture improved the capacity of maximum performance, physical performance and the anaerobic threshold in healthy male adults. The authors interpreted these results like an improvement in the hemodynamic and metabolic mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that acupuncture produces dilation in the radial artery in people treated regularly with acupuncture.

It has been informed that diverse forms of stimulation in acupuncture points produce modifications in the cerebral circulation and the  saturation of oxygen, in experiments with healthy persons as well as with diverse cerebral pathologies. It has been informed that laser stimulation of acupuncture points in healthy volunteers increased the speed of cerebral blood flow in cerebral medial posterior artery studied by the use of Doppler transcraneal  sonography (Litscher et al, 2002). In addition, through imageology with functional magnetic resonance significant changes in the cerebral activity in the frontal and occipital circunvolutions (Litscher et al, 2004).  These changes have also been ascertained in animal models. Lee et al studied the effect of acupuncture in patients with occlusion of the medial cerebral artery through computerized tomography with emisión of fotón único (SPECT). Images were obtained before and after acupuncture in six traditional acupuncture points (IG.4, IG.10, IG.11, IG.15, IG.16 y TE.5) of the affected side.

Similar images were obtained in eight healthy volunteers. A focal increase of cerebral blood flow was observed in all the patients especially in the hypoperfusion zone that surrounded the ischemic injury, the ipsilateral sensorymotory areas, contralateral or both. While in healthy people an increase in the cerebral blood flow was found especially in the parahipocámpica circunvolution, premotory area, frontal and temporal areas in bilateral form and globus pallidus in ipsilateral form. The stimulation with acupuncture after the vascular cerebral accident seemed to activate the pherilesional or related to the reorganization places and can be a way of achieving the cerebral restructuring (Lee et al, 2003).

It was also informed that acupuncture increased the blood flow in the postoperatory period in surgical colgajos. It has been proposed that the mechanisms related to this effect in the blood flow is related to vasoactivas sustances such as peptid related to the calcitonina gene, this peptid is liberated from nociceptors originated from stimulation with needles. Sandberg et al demonstrated that in patients with fibromialgia the acupunctural stimulation increased in a pronounced form in the cutaneous and muscular blood flow (Sandberg et al, 2004).

Kurono et al measured diverse coronary parameters in patients with angina de pecho after stimulation with acupuncture by use of a cardioanghiography. A dilation with the acupunctural treatment of 68.8% in relation to the dilation obtained with dinitrato de isosorbida (Kurono et al, 2002). It was found that through coronary artheriography in patients with coronary cardiopathy the electric stimulation of the point VG.9 produced a moderate dilating effect in all the coronary arteries of the observed patients (24) with the exeption of 3 of them.